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• Grass-like plants
• Sedges
• Carex pedunculata

Carex pedunculata — long-stalked sedge

Facts

Long-stalked sedge seeds are ant dispersed, that is, ants carry the achenes back to their nests, then remove the elaiosome (food body attached to the achene), before discarding the achene. It is an early colonizer of woodland openings, gradually disappearing with increased competition from other plants.

Habitat

Floodplain (river or stream floodplains), forests

Characteristics

• Flowers

  Anther length

  2–3.6 mm

  Bumps on fruit

  there are no papillae on the perigynium surface

  Length of scale

  the scale is nearly as long as, or longer than, the perigynium

  Lowest spike stalk length

  Up to 130 mm

  Perigynium beak

  the perigynium has a beak

  Perigynium beak length

  0.2–0.4 mm

  Perigynium beak orientation

  the beak of the perigynium is curved, or angled out from the perigynium

  Perigynium beak serrations

  the perigynium beak has no serrations

  Perigynium beak teeth

  the perigynium beak is not divided at the tip into two teeth, or the teeth are very tiny

  Perigynium beak teeth length

  0 mm

  Perigynium color

  green

  Perigynium cross-section

  • the perigynium is relatively round in cross-section
  • the perigynium is trigonous (triangular) in cross-section

  Perigynium hairs

  the perigynium is hairy

  Perigynium length

  3.7–6 mm

  Perigynium nerve number

  0–2

  Perigynium nerve texture

  • NA
  • the nerves on the perigynium are raised, even after drying the perigynium

  Perigynium nerves lower side

  0–1

  Perigynium nerves upper side

  0–1

  Perigynium orientation

  the perigynia are oriented vertically or pressed against the axis or adjacent perigynia

  Perigynium puffy

  the perigynium is inflated (there is space between the perigynium and the achene)

  Perigynium shape

  • the perigynium body is oblanceolate (lance-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade)
  • the perigynium body is obovate (egg-shaped, but with the widest point above the middle of the leaf blade)

  Perigynium width

  1.4–1.7 mm

  Perigynium winged

  the perigynium has no wings

  Pollen- and seed-producing spikes

  some of the spikes produce perigynia

  Pollen-producing spike length

  7.5–9.8 mm

  Pollen-producing spike number

  1

  Pollen-producing spike peduncle length

  20–60 mm

  Pollen-producing spike width

  1.8–2.3 mm

  Scale awn

  The carpellate scale does not have an awn (it may have a short point)

  Scale awn texture

  the carpellate scale awn has tiny teeth

  Scale color

  • brown
  • red-brown

  Scale tip

  • the carpellate scale tip is obtuse (has a blunt point)
  • the carpellate scale tip is rounded to retuse (blunt or rounded, with a notch at the tip)

  Spike on stalk

  the lowest spike on the plant has a peduncle

  Spike orientation

  • the spikes are angled outwards, or arched over
  • the spikes are oriented vertically or pressed against the axis

  Spikes per stem

  2-15

  Staminate scale tip

  the staminate scale tip is acuminate (tapered to a narrow point)

  Stigma branching

  the stigmas have three branches

  Top spike

  • the uppermost spike contains both staminate and carpellate flowers, with the carpellate flowers located below, or intermixed with, the staminate flowers
  • the uppermost spike contains only staminate flowers

• Fruits or seeds

  Achene dimples

  the achene has no folds or dimples

  Achene length

  2.5 mm

  Achene width

  1.5–1.6 mm

  Style persistence

  the style falls off the mature achenes

• Growth form

  Rhizomes

  • there are long rhizomes present
  • there are no rhizomes, or the rhizomes are very short

• Leaves

  Leaf arrangement

  the leaves are all produced from the base of the plant

  Leaf blade cross-section

  The leaf blade is folded lengthwise, with one prominent midvien

  Leaf blade length to width ratio

  71–75

  Leaf blade texture

  the leaf blade is smooth and hairless, or rough and sandpapery

  Leaf blade width

  0–1 mm

  Leaf bumps

  the upper surface of the leaf blade does not have papillae

  Leaf sheath bumps

  there are no papillae at the top edge of the leaf sheath

  Leaf sheath color

  the leaf sheath is tinted pink, red or purple

  Leaf sheath dots

  there are no dots on the leaf sheathes

  Leaf sheath folds

  there are no corrugations on the leaf sheath

  Leaf sheath texture

  the leaf sheath feels smooth, and has no hairs

  Lowest bract sheath

  the lowest bract has a sheath longer than four millimeters

  Lowest leaf blade width

  1.4–4 mm

  Lowest leaf sheath texture

  the leaf sheath feels smooth (it may have soft hairs)

• Place

  Habitat

  terrestrial

  New England state

  • Connecticut
  • Maine
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Vermont

  Specific habitat

  • forests
  • river or stream floodplains

• Stem, shoot, branch

  Plant height

  8.8–28 cm

  Relative stem height

  the main stem is equal to or shorter than the leaves

  Stem cross-section

  the main stem is roughly triangular in cross-section

  Stem spacing

  the stems grow close together in compact clusters or tufts

Wetland status

Usually occurs in non-wetlands, but occasionally in wetlands. (Wetland indicator code: FACU)

New England distribution and conservation status

From the dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae