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Campanula

Phylogenetic work using nr DNA suggests that the genus Campanula is not monophyletic (Eddie et al. 2003). Specifically, some bellflowers (e.g., C. aparinoides, C. carpatica,   C. persicifolia, C. rotundifolia) may need to be segregated from the remainder of Campanula s.s. in order that recognized taxa be monophyletic. Campanula bononiensis L. was  reported from ME by Magee and Ahles (1999), but the specimen was misidentified and is   C. rapunculoides— Fernald 2139 ( NEBC!).

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C. divaricata
1a. Style conspicuously exserted from the corolla; corolla globose-campanulate
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1b. Style included within the corolla to ± reaching the tips of the corolla lobes; corolla campanulate, tubular-campanulate, funnelform-campanulate, or rotate-campanulate
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  C. aparinoides
  2a. Corolla 4–13 mm long; stems 3-angled, slender, weak, leaning on other vegetation   [Fig. 533]
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  2b. Corolla 10–55 mm long; stems terete or obscurely angled, erect to ascending
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    3a. Calyx with an appendage between the lobes
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      C. lanata
      4a. Corolla broad-campanulate, yellow-white, unspotted
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      C. punctata
      4b. Corolla tubular-campanulate, usually white to light purple, usually spotted within
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    3b. Calyx without appendages between the lobes
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      C. glomerata
      5a. Flowers sessile in terminal and sometimes also axillary glomerules [Fig. 534]
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      5b. Flowers pedicellate, not arranged in compact clusters
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        6a. Calyx lobes linear; stem leaf blades linear to narrow-lanceolate
        
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        C. patula
        7a. Basal leaf blades obovate; capsules erect, dehiscing by lateral or subapical pores
        
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        C. rotundifolia
        7b. Basal leaf blades broad-ovate to cordate-orbicular; capsules nodding, dehiscing by basal pores
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        6b. Calyx lobes lanceolate to triangular or oblong; stem leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, cordate-ovate, or triangular-ovate (narrower in C. persicifolia)
        
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        C. persicifolia
        8a. Stem leaf blades linear to narrow-lanceolate
        
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        8b. Stem leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, cordate-ovate, or triangular-ovate
        
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        C. carpatica
        9a. Corolla broadly rotate-campanulate; capsules dehiscing by subapical pores
        
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        9b. Corolla campanulate, funnelform-campanulate, or tubular-campanulate; capsules dehiscing by basal pores
        
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        C. rapunculoides
        10a. Calyx lobes spreading to reflexed during anthesis [Fig. 536]; inflorescence an elongate, secund raceme [Fig. 536]
        
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        10b. Calyx lobes erect during anthesis [Fig. 535]; inflorescence of solitary, axillary flowers or of non-secund racemes of 1–4 flowers at the apex of the stem and branches [Fig. 535]
        
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        C. trachelium
        11a. Stem sharply angled; lower leaf blades evidently cordate at the base; inflorescenc a loose raceme of 1–4 flowers at the apex of the stem and branches
        
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        C. latifolia
        11b. Stem bluntly angled; lower leaf blades rounded to cuneate at the base; inflorescence of solitary flowers in the axils of leaves, collectively appearing to be a terminal, leafy raceme [Fig. 535]

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Show photos of: Each photo represents one species in this genus.