Echinochloa

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  E. colona

  1a. Panicle branches 0.7–2 (–4) cm long, few, distant, simple; leaf blades 3–6 (–10) mm wide; spikelets 2–3 mm long
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  1b. Panicle branches (1–) 2–10 cm long, variable in number but often crowded, sometimes the longer branches with secondary branches; leaf blades 5–30 mm wide (sometimes narrower in small forms of E. crus-galli); spikelets 2.5–5 mm long
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    E. frumentacea

    2a. Lower lemmas usually unawned; upper lemmas wider and longer than the upper glumes at maturity, the margins and apex exposed and visible
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    2b. Lower lemmas usually awned; upper lemmas hardly, if at all, exceeding the upper glumes in length and width, primarily concealed
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      E. walteri

      3a. Lower sheaths hispid with pustulose-based hairs; lower 1 or 2 nodes evidently pubescent with long, erect-ascending to spreading-ascending hairs
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      3b. Sheaths glabrous; lower nodes glabrous or sparsely pubescent with short hairs
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        E. crus-galli

        4a. Coriaceous portion of upper lemmas rounded at apex, abruptly transitioning to an early withering, membranous apex, the two regions separated by a line of minute hairs [Fig. 218]
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        E. muricata

        4b. Coriaceous portion of upper lemmas acute to acuminate at apex, gradually transitioning from the coriaceous body into the membranous tip, the two regions not offset by a line of minute hairs [Fig. 219]

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