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Coleataenia longifolia — long-leaved redtop-panicgrass

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Facts

Long-leaved redtop-panicgrass is a native grass confined to sandy or peaty pond shores, marsh edges and flood plains. There are three subspecies in New England, two of which are of conservation concern, while the third is common and widespread in New England.

Habitat

Marshes, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes, wetland margins (edges of wetlands)

New England distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

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North America distribution

Adapted from BONAP data

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Characteristics

Habitat
wetlands
New England state
  • Connecticut
  • Maine
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Vermont
Leaf blade width
2–12 mm
Inflorescence branches
the flowers are attached to branches rather than to the main axis of the inflorescence
Spikelet length
1.6–3.8 mm
Glume relative length
both glumes are as long or longer than all of the florets
Awn on glume
the glume has no awn
One or more florets
there is one floret per spikelet
Lemma awn length
0 mm
Leaf ligule length
0.3–3 mm
Show all characteristics

  • Flowers

    Anther number
    3
    Awn on glume
    the glume has no awn
    Bristles below spikelets
    no
    Floret lower bract texture
    the lemma is hard and firm
    Floret types within spikelet
    • NA
    • there are at least two distinct forms of florets within one spikelet
    Glume relative length
    both glumes are as long or longer than all of the florets
    Glume shape
    the glume is flat or curved in cross-section
    Inflorescence arrangement
    the spikelets are uniform
    Inflorescence axis orientation
    the inflorescence axis is straight
    Inflorescence branches
    the flowers are attached to branches rather than to the main axis of the inflorescence
    Inflorescence length
    90–400 mm
    Inflorescence type (general)
    the spikelets are borne on stalks or on branches
    Inflorescence type (specific)
    the inflorescence is branched, and the branches do NOT both grow from the same side of the plant AND look like spikes
    Lemma awn base
    NA
    Lemma awn coiled
    NA
    Lemma awn length
    0 mm
    Lemma awn number
    the lemma has no awn
    Lemma awn orientation
    NA
    Lemma cross-section
    the lemma is flat or rounded if you cut across the midpoint
    Lemma surface
    the surface of the lemma is relatively smooth (not counting any longitudinal veins or hairs)
    Lemma tip
    the lemma tip is a simple point, with or without an awn (long narrow extension ending in a point)
    One or more florets
    there is one floret per spikelet
    Spikelet axis tip
    there is no extension of the spikelet axis beyond the tip of the spikelet
    Spikelet length
    1.6–3.8 mm
    Spikelets spiny
    the spikelets do not appear spiny
    Upper glume shape
    the upper glume is widest at or below the middle

  • Leaves

    Leaf auricles
    the leaves do not have auricles
    Leaf blade cross-section
    • the leaf blade is clearly folded or rolled inwards
    • the leaf blade is more or less flat in cross-section, or slightly folded or rolled inwards
    Leaf blade hairs
    • the leaf blade is hairless, but it may have tiny prickles that give it a sand-papery feel
    • the leaf blade is hairy
    Leaf blade width
    2–12 mm
    Leaf ligule length
    0.3–3 mm
    Leaf ligule type
    • the leaf ligule is in the form of a membrane
    • the leaf ligule is in the form of a membrane with fine hairs
    Leaf sheath closed around stem
    the margins of the leaf sheath are overlapping and not fused together except in the basal half (or less)
    Leaf sheath hairs
    • there are hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath
    • there are no hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath

  • Place

    Habitat
    wetlands
    New England state
    • Connecticut
    • Maine
    • Massachusetts
    • New Hampshire
    • Rhode Island
    • Vermont
    Specific habitat
    • edges of wetlands
    • marshes
    • meadows or fields
    • shores of rivers or lakes

  • Stem, shoot, branch

    Stem spacing
    the stems grow close together in compact clusters or tufts

Wetland status

Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally in non-wetlands. (Wetland indicator code: FACW)

In New England

Distribution

Connecticut
present
Maine
present
Massachusetts
present
New Hampshire
present
Rhode Island
present
Vermont
present

Conservation status

Exact status definitions can vary from state to state. For details, please check with your state.

Vermont
rare to uncommon (S-rank: S2S3)

ssp. longifolia

New Hampshire
historical (S-rank: SH), endangered (code: E)

From Flora Novae Angliae dichotomous key

1.  Coleataenia longifolia (Torr.) Zuloaga & Morrone NC

long-leaved redtop-panicgrass.  1a. Panicum anceps Michx. var. pubescens Vasey; P. longifolium Torr.; P. longifolium Torr. var. pubescens (Vasey) Fern.; P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees ssp. pubescens (Vasey) Freckmann & Lelong; P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong;  
1b. Panicum agrostoides Muhl. var. elongatum Scribn.; P. elongatum Pursh; P. rigidulum Bosc 
 ex Nees ssp. elongatum (Scribn.) Freckmann & Lelong; P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. elongatum (Scribn.) Lelong; P. stipitatum Nash; 1c. Panicum agrostoides Muhl.; P. condensum Nash; 
 P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees • CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT. Sandy and/or peaty pond shores, meadows, edges of marshes, lacustrine and riparian flood plains.

1a.  Ligules 0.5–3 mm long, conspicuously fimbriate-ciliate along the apex; leaf blades usually 2–7 mm wide, often folded or involute, usually pilose on the adaxial surface (at least near 
the base) … 1a. S. longifolia ssp. longifolia

1b.  Ligules 0.3–1 mm long, merely erose along the apex; leaf blades usually 5–12 mm wide, usually flat, usually glabrous (but often scabrous)

2a.  Spikelets 2.4–3 mm long, usually narrower than 0.6 mm, purple, the upper floret borne on a stipe up to 0.4 mm long … 1b. S. longifolia ssp. elongata (Scribn.) Zuloaga & Morrone

2b.  Spikelets 1.6–2.5 mm long, usually wider than 0.6 mm, green or purple-tinged, the upper floret sessile or scarcely stipitate 
 … 1c. S. longifolia ssp. rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) Zuloaga & Morrone

Subspecies longifolia is known from CT, MA, NH, RI. Subspecies elongata is known from CT, RI. Both of these subspecies are considered to be of regional conservation concern. Subspecies rigidula is known from CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT. It is the most common form of this species found in New England.

Note: as this manuscript went to print, the genus Sorengia was shown to be illegitimate. Coleataenia is the correct genus for this grass with the following names— C. longifolia
(Torr.) Soreng ssp. elongata (Scribn.) Soreng, C. longifolia (Torr.) Soreng ssp. longifolia, and 
 C. longifolia (Torr.) Soreng ssp. rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) Soreng.

Native to North America?

Yes

Sometimes confused with

Panicum philadelphicum
Panicum dichotomiflorum

Synonyms

  • Panicum longifolium Torr.
  • Sorengia longifolia (Torr.) Zuloaga & Morrone

Family

Poaceae

Genus

Coleataenia