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• Aquatic plants
• Water plants with leaves and stems
• Myriophyllum verticillatum

Myriophyllum verticillatum — whorled water-milfoil

Facts

Whorled water-milfoil has a circumboreal distribution and is found in most of New England, though it is rare in the southern and western portions. The turions (overwintering buds) are distinctively club-shaped in this species. Whorled water-milfoil was used medicinally by the Iroquois as a stimulant to treat catatonic children.

Habitat

Lacustrine (in lakes or ponds), riverine (in rivers or streams)

Characteristics

• Clonal plantlets

  Turion length

  10–30 mm

• Flowers

  Anther color

  there is a noticeable pink, reddish or purplish tint to the anthers

  Anther length

  2 mm

  Carpels fused

  the carpels are fused to one another

  Flower lower lip length

  0 mm

  Flower position

  the flowers are above the surface of the water

  Flower symmetry

  there are two or more ways to evenly divide the flower (the flower is radially symmetrical)

  Inflorescence length

  70–200 mm

  Inflorescence type

  the inflorescence is a spike (a long unbranched stem with flowers along it that lack stalks)

  Length of flower stalk

  0 mm

  Nectar spur

  the flower has no nectar spurs

  Number of carpels

  0–4

  Ovary position

  the sepals and/or petals are attached above the ovary

  Palate on corolla

  no

  Petal and sepal arrangement

  the flower includes two cycles of petal- or sepal-like structures

  Petal appearance

  the petals are thin and delicate, and pigmented (colored other than green or brown)

  Petal color

  • green
  • yellow

  Petal length

  2–2.5 mm

  Petal number

  0–4

  Petal or sepal number

  • there are four petals, sepals, or tepals in the flower
  • there are no petals, sepals, or tepals in the flower, or they are not clearly present

  Pistil number

  • 0
  • 1

  Sepal appearance

  the sepals resemble leaves in color and texture

  Sepal length

  0.5–1 mm

  Sepal number

  0–4

  Sepals fused only to sepals

  the sepals are fused to each other (not other flower parts), at least near their bases

  Spur length

  0 mm

  Stamen length

  1.2–2 mm

  Stamen number

  • 0
  • 8

  Stamen position relative to petals

  NA

  Stamens fused

  the stamens are not fused to one another

  Stamens fused to petals

  the stamens are not fused to the petals or tepals

  Style length

  0 mm

  Style number

  0

• Fruits or seeds

  Fruit beak length

  0 mm

  Fruit length

  2–2.5 mm

  Fruit type (general)

  the fruit is dry and splits open when ripe

  Fruit type (specific)

  the fruit is a schizocarp (when dry it splits into sections, each holding one or more seeds)

• Glands or sap

  Oil glands on nodes

  none of the nodes have oil glands

  Sap

  the sap is clear and watery

• Growth form

  Lifespan

  the plant lives more than two years

  Root septa

  the roots do not have transverse septa

  Roots floating in water

  there are no clusters of roots floating in the water

  Turions

  the plant has turions

  Underground organs

  the plant has a rhizome (a horizontal underground stem with roots growing from it)

• Leaves

  Bract position (Sparganium)

  NA

  Bract relative length

  At least 1380 mm

  Bracts

  the flowers or their pedicels have bracts at their bases

  Floating leaf basal lobes

  NA

  Floating leaf blade width

  0 mm

  Floating leaf length

  0 mm

  Floating leaf shape

  NA

  Floating leaf tip

  NA

  Floral bract form

  • the bracts are much more lobed, or much less lobed, than the foliage leaves
  • the bracts are roughly as lobed as the foliage leaves

  Floral bract length

  Up to 20 mm

  Leaf arrangement

  whorled: there are three or more leaves per node along the stem

  Leaf blade length

  30–50 mm

  Leaf blade veins

  the lateral veins radiate from the base and continue to spread away from the centerline of the leaf, or branch off the central vein at intervals

  Leaf blade width

  15–25 mm

  Leaf position

  the leaves are all submerged underwater

  Leaf special features

  none of the mentioned special features are present

  Leaf-like branch segments

  9–17

  Leaf-like branch shape

  NA

  Specific leaf type

  • the leaf has three or more lobes distributed along a central axis
  • the leaf is once pinnately divided and the segments are very narrow, each side providing the appearance of a comb
  • the leaf is pinnately compound (i.e., it has three or leaflets distributed along a central axis

  Staminate bract edge (Myriophyllum)

  the edges of the staminate bracts have either forward-pointing teeth, or are pinnately lobed (with lobes projecting from both sides of the central axis of the leaf)

  Stipule appearance

  NA

  Stipule fused to leaf

  NA

  Stipules

  there are no stipules on the plant

  Stipules fused around stem

  NA

  Trap-bladder length

  0 mm

  Underwater leaf air passage number

  At least 1439

  Underwater leaf air passage relative width

  At least 4336

  Underwater leaf air passage row number

  0

  Underwater leaf blade edges

  • the underwater leaf blade edges are toothed
  • the underwater leaf has smooth edges, without teeth

  Underwater leaf blade shape

  the underwater leaf blade is ovate (widest below the middle and broadly tapering at both ends)

  Underwater leaf blade width

  15–25 mm

  Underwater leaf length

  30–50 mm

  Underwater leaf stalk

  no

  Underwater leaf stalk length

  0 mm

  Underwater leaf tip shape

  the tip of the underwater leaf is obtuse (bluntly pointed)

  Veins in floating leaf

  0

• Place

  Habitat

  aquatic

  New England state

  • Connecticut
  • Maine
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Vermont

  Specific habitat

  • in lakes or ponds
  • in rivers or streams

• Stem, shoot, branch

  Flowering stem growth form

  the flowering stem trails along the substrate, or floats in the water

Wetland status

Occurs only in wetlands. (Wetland indicator code: OBL)

New England distribution and conservation status

From the dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae